Penerapan Problem Based Learning sebagai Metode Mengajar di Fakultas Kedokteran
Tahun 2002 Volume 37 Nomor 2
Oleh : Anies
Proses pemnbelajaran pada tin gkat perguruan tinggi di Indonesia saat ini inasih berpusat pada dosen, dengan metode niengajar berupa ceramnah. Metode mengajar yang baik disesuaikan dengan tujuan pembelajaran, untuk menumbuhkan kegiatan belaja serta peran aktifpebelajar. Ceramah merupakan salah satu metode mnengajar yang mnasih banyak dipakai di perguruan tinggi, ter,nasuk di fakultas kedokteran, padahal kurang dapat dikaitkan dengan praktek kedokteran yang memnerlukan pengetahuan terintegrasi, pengambilan keputusan, bekerja samna dengan sejawat lain dan berkomnunikasi dengan pasien . Karena itu mnetode ceramah harus didukung dengan metode lain, yaitu problem-based learning (PBL). Salah satu bentuk PBL yang sesuai untuk faku It as kedokteran yaitu case-based learning (CBL), karena lebih mnemnfokuskan pada pokok persoalan medis daripada pemecahan mnasalah. Tujuan penerapan metode ini bagi ,nahasiswa di fakultas kedokteran, agar mereka dapat belajar dan bekerja dan kehidupan nyata, dalam hal ini dunia kedokteran. Namun penerapan mnetode CBL memnerlukan perencanaan yang rapi, baik tujuan pen gajaran, struktur pengajaran, besar kelas serta meinpersiapkan inahasiswa untuk mnenggunakan pendekatan studi kasus.
The education process in Indonesian university at present still revolves around the lecturer, with lecturing as teaching method. A good teaching method is supposed to go hand-in-hand with the aim of teaching, to support teaching activities and encourage students’ active role in the process. Lecturing method is one of teaching methods which is still widely used in universities, including in the faculty of medicine, whereas it is not quite linkable with medical practices that require integrated knowledge, decision making, working together with other colleaques and communicating with patients. This is why this lecturing method has to be supported by other methods, i.e. problem- based learning (PBL). One of the forms of PBL which is appropiate for faculty of medicine is case-based learning (CBL), in the light that it is more focused on the root of medical problems rather than problem solving it self The aim of implementing this method for medical students is to provide them with means to be able to learn from real life and work in the real world, which in this matter is the medical world. However, the implementation of CBL method requires good planning such as the aim of teaching, teaching structures, the size of the class and preparing the students to use the case study approach. The implementation of PBL or CBL will be better fsupported by other method, i.e. lecturing method.