Anemia dan status gizi mikro pada ibu hamil
Tahun 2005 Volume 40 Nomor 3
Oleh : Hertanto Wahyu subagio
Latar belakang: Anemia pada kehamilan biasanya dianggap sebagai akibat defisiensi gizi, utamanya defisiensi besi. Data tentang defisiensi mikronutrien lain yang secara teori dapat menyebabkan anemia belum banyak diungkap. Tujuan penelitian ini mendeskripsikan prevalensi anemia dan defisiensi zat-zat gizimikro lainnya, utamanya pada trimester kedua kehamilan.
Metode: Kadar haemoglobin(Hb), besi, folat, vitamin B folat, vitamin A, seng(Zn) dan tembaga(Cu) diperiksa dan serum pada studi cross-sectional terhadap 70 orang ibu hamil di trimester kedua.
Metode: Kadar haemoglobin(Hb), besi, folat, vitamin B folat, vitamin A, seng(Zn) dan tembaga(Cu) diperiksa dan serum pada studi cross-sectional terhadap 70 orang ibu hamil di trimester kedua.
Hasil: Dan 70 sampel, 77,1% menderita anemia, bila ambang batas yang dipakai 11,0 g/dl . Prevalensi anemia menjadi 38,6% bila ambang batas yang dipakai 10,5 g/dl. Prevalensi defisiensi Zn, vitamin B dan vitamin A sebesar 64,3%, 64,3% and 32,9%. Prevalensi defisiensi Fe hanya 31,4% . Tak seorangpun sampel yang mengalami defisiensi folat dan Cu. Apabila prevalensi defisiensi zat gizimikro dihitung dan sampel yang mendenita anemia, tern yata prevalensi defisiensi Zn dan vitamin A sebesar 66,7% and 44,4%. Dan ibu hamil yang anemia ini hanya 59,3% yang mengalami defisiensi Fe dan hanya satu kasus (3,7%) yang men galami defisiensi Fe tanpa disertai defisiensi folat, B vitamin A, Zn, dan Cu. Lima puluh enam persen kasus mengalami defisiensi Fe yang disertai dengan defisiensi satu atau lebih zat gizimikro lain, 37,0% tidak men galami defisiensi Fe, tetapi menderita defisiensi sekurangnya salah satu dan zat gizimikro lain. Satu kasus (3, 7%) tak men galami defisiensi zat gizimikro yang diperiksa.
Simpulan: Peran defisiensi zat gizimikro lain yang secara teori berperan pada kejadian anemia pada kehamilan mungkin punya implikasi dalam evaluasi dan penanggulangan anemia pada kehamilan.
Anemia and Micronutrient Status of Pregnant Women
Background: Anaemia in pregnancy is generally accepted as resulting from nutritional deficiencies, the particularly of iron deficiency. Data of othermicronutrients deficiencies which potentially contribute to anaemia are still lacking. The objective of this study was to describe the prevalence of anaemia and micronutrients deficiencies in pregnancy.
Method: Haemoglobin (Hb) concentration, iron(Fe), folate, vitamin B-12, vitamin A, zinc(Zn) and cooper(Cu) were measured from serum in a cross-sectional study of 70 pregnant women in their second trimester of pregnancy.
Results: Of the 70 samples 77.1% were anaemic if the cut off point used was 11.0 g/dl. The prevalence of anaemia was 38.6% if the cut off point 10.5 gIdi. The prevalence of Zn deficiency vitamin B-12 deficiency and vitamin A deficiency were 64.3%, 64.3% and 32.9%. Only 31.4% were Fe deficient. There was no evidence of folate and Cu deficiency. If the prevalence of micronutrients deficiencies was calculated from anemic women, then the prevalence of Zn deficiency and vitamin A deficiency were 66.7% and 44.4%. Among these anemic women only 59.3% were Fe deficient and only one case (3.7%) was Fe deficient with no evidence of folate, B- 12, vitamin A, Zn, and Cu deficiency Fifty six percent cases were deficient in Fe and one or more of the other micronutrients, 37.0% were not Fe deficient but had at least of one of the other micronutrients deficiencies. One case (3.7%) was not deficient in any of the micronutrients studied.
Conclusion: The role of other micronutrients deficiencies as a possible contributing factor to anemia in pregnancy may has important implications for the clinical evaluation and treatment of anemia in pregnancy.